Lithium Niobate Photonic Integrated Circuits
Photonic integrated circuits have experienced a tremendous progress over the last decade, seeding a commercial photonic chip ecosystem, which provides active and passive photonic chips with well-defined circuit components. Indeed, one of the first photonic chip materials was lithium niobate, which has been used for decades for high-speed modulators, underpinning the internet, and as a nonlinear optical material for frequency mixing processes.
